{"id":493,"date":"2019-05-15T09:45:08","date_gmt":"2019-05-15T07:45:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/?page_id=493"},"modified":"2024-01-04T10:45:29","modified_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:45:29","slug":"les-installations-photovoltaiques","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/fr\/les-installations-photovoltaiques\/","title":{"rendered":"Les installations photovolta\u00efques"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][heading]\n

Les installations photovolta\u00efques<\/h1>\n[\/heading][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Les g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs photovolta\u00efques utilisent les\u00a0propri\u00e9t\u00e9s semi-conductrices des mat\u00e9riaux<\/a> qui les composent. Les cellules solaires photovolta\u00efques sont des semi-conducteurs qui sont capables de transformer la lumi\u00e8re en courant \u00e9lectrique continu (un courant qui ne varie pas au cours du temps<\/a>, contrairement au courant alternatif). Le courant produit passe dans un onduleur qui convertit le courant continu en courant alternatif, qui permet de faire fonctionner nos appareils \u00e9lectriques (figure 1). Le courant produit en exc\u00e8s par les panneaux est lib\u00e9r\u00e9 dans le r\u00e9seau de distribution, si le syst\u00e8me est connect\u00e9 \u00e0 ce dernier.[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb494″ alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb margin_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb20″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb source=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text=\u00a0\u00bb2013 – 2017″ font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5″ use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Abril%20Fatface%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb link=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_id=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_class=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbIntensit\u00e9s du champ magn\u00e9tique \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 d\u2019une installation photovolta\u00efque\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5″ use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Dans cet exemple, le syst\u00e8me photovolta\u00efque est compos\u00e9 de 16 panneaux en s\u00e9rie. Sa puissance maximale est d\u2019environ 5200 W (panneaux en silicium monocristallin, courant continu de 9A).[\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bb1. Pr\u00e8s du c\u00e2ble reliant les panneaux \u00e0 l\u2019onduleur\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h3|text_align:left|color:%233f3f3f\u00a0\u00bb use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]La valeur approximative du champ d\u2019induction magn\u00e9tique peut \u00eatre estim\u00e9e par la formule suivante :<\/p>\n

B (en Tesla) = \u00b5 . i \/ (2 . pi . r)<\/strong><\/p>\n

o\u00f9
\n\u00b5<\/strong> est la perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9 du vide (voir Glossaire \u2013 Perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9 magn\u00e9tique<\/a>)
\ni<\/strong> (en A) = le courant qui circule dans les panneaux
\npi<\/strong> = 3,14
\nr<\/strong> = la distance par rapport au c\u00e2ble<\/p>\n

A partir des donn\u00e9es techniques des panneaux, le champ d\u2019induction magn\u00e9tique sera de 1,8 microTeslas<\/strong> (\u00b5T) \u00e0 1m du c\u00e2ble<\/strong>. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un champ continu. Le champ magn\u00e9tique terrestre, \u00e9galement continu, vaut environ 40 \u00b5T sous nos latitudes (50\u00b0 nord).[\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bb2. Pr\u00e8s de l\u2019onduleur\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h3|text_align:left|color:%233f3f3f\u00a0\u00bb use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Voyons ici les valeurs mesur\u00e9es \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de l’onduleur (Tableau 1).<\/p>\n

Tableau 1 \u2013 Intensit\u00e9s du champ magn\u00e9tique 50Hz mesur\u00e9es \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes distance (3 jours diff\u00e9rents)
\n(Pour la mesure \u00e0 \u00ab 0 cm \u00bb, la sonde \u00e9tait plac\u00e9e contre l\u2019onduleur, \u00e0 l\u2019endroit o\u00f9 le champ mesur\u00e9 \u00e9tait le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9.)[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/th>\nJour 1:
\nPuissance +\/- 700 W<\/th>\n		Jour 2:
\nPuissance +\/- 2000 W<\/th>\n		Jour 3:
\nPuissance +\/- 4000 W<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Distance
\n(en cm)<\/td>\n		CM 50Hz
\n(\u00b5T)<\/td>\n		Puissance
\n(W)<\/td>\n		CM 50Hz
\n(\u00b5T)<\/td>\n		Puissance
\n(W)<\/td>\n		CM 50Hz
\n(\u00b5T)<\/td>\n		Puissance
\n(W)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a00<\/td>\n\u00a045<\/td>\n\u00a0680<\/td>\n\u00a0165<\/td>\n2400<\/td>\n280<\/td>\n4326<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n\u00a00.8<\/td>\n720<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n2075<\/td>\n3.8<\/td>\n4000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\n0.15<\/td>\n730<\/td>\n0.31<\/td>\n2062<\/td>\n0.76<\/td>\n4230<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\n0.045<\/td>\n720<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.23<\/td>\n4125<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]A partir de ces mesures, on peut dire qu\u2019\u00e0 environ 1m de l\u2019onduleur, quand les panneaux d\u00e9livrent leur puissance maximale, l\u2019intensit\u00e9 du champ magn\u00e9tique est inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 0,4\u00b5T.
\nLa figure 2 montre les variations de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 du champ magn\u00e9tique entre 10h37 et 17h02 (sonde \u00e0 50cm de l\u2019onduleur). Les panneaux \u00e9tant orient\u00e9s vers l\u2019est, les valeurs les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mesur\u00e9es en matin\u00e9e. Les fluctuations sont li\u00e9es \u00e0 la diminution de la production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 (voir les \u00ab points rouges \u00bb) lorsque le soleil \u00e9tait cach\u00e9 par les nuages.[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb495″ alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb margin_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb15″][vc_column_text]\n

Figure 2 – Variations de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 de l\u2019induction magn\u00e9tique
\n(Champ B en \u00b5T, enregistrement toutes les 16 s.) et
\nla puissance instantan\u00e9e produite (en W, enregistrement toutes les 5 min.) en fonction du temps<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bb3. Pr\u00e8s du c\u00e2ble d\u2019alimentation vers le compteur \u00e9lectrique\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h3|text_align:left|color:%233f3f3f\u00a0\u00bb use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Les onduleurs sont souvent plac\u00e9s \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 des compteurs \u00e9lectriques, limitant ainsi la longueur du c\u00e2ble d\u2019alimentation. Avec une puissance instantan\u00e9e d\u2019environ 2000 W, nous avons mesur\u00e9 contre ce c\u00e2ble un champ magn\u00e9tique de 5,5 \u00b5T, qui diminue rapidement sous les 0,4 \u00b5T \u00e0 quelques dizaines de cm (0,185 \u00b5T \u00e0 30 cm).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb source=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text=\u00a0\u00bb2013 – 2017″ font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5″ use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Abril%20Fatface%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb link=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_id=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_class=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbComment les panneaux convertissent-ils la lumi\u00e8re en courant continu?\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5″ use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Le terme \u00ab photovolta\u00efque \u00bb fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9nergie des photons de la lumi\u00e8re qui est utilis\u00e9e pour produire une tension.<\/p>\n

Lorsque les photons frappent un semi-conducteur, l\u2019\u00e9nergie lib\u00e9r\u00e9e est utilis\u00e9e par les \u00e9lectrons contenus dans les mat\u00e9riaux semi-conducteurs. En effet, si l\u2019\u00e9nergie est suffisante, les \u00e9lectrons sont lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et le flux d\u2019\u00e9lectrons \u00e9nergis\u00e9s peut g\u00e9n\u00e9rer un courant \u00e9lectrique.<\/p>\n

Les mat\u00e9riaux semi-conducteurs tels que le silicone \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat neutre ne sont pas d\u2019embl\u00e9e en mesure de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer un courant \u00e9lectrique. En fait, ils doivent contenir des impuret\u00e9s, ce qui est fait par un processus appel\u00e9 \u00abdopage\u00bb<\/strong>. Voici comment cela fonctionne:[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb content_placement=\u00a0\u00bbtop\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column centered_text=\u00a0\u00bbtrue\u00a0\u00bb column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb5\/12″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_col-lg-offset-1 vc_col-md-offset-1 vc_col-sm-offset-1″][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb496″ alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb margin_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb15″][vc_column_text]\n

Le \u201cdopage\u201d signifie que des \u00e9l\u00e9ments sont introduits dans le silicone pour cr\u00e9er d\u2019une part une couche dont la charge est globalement n\u00e9gative, avec des \u00e9lectrons en exc\u00e8s (silicone de type n) et d\u2019autre part une couche globalement positive avec des trous en exc\u00e8s (silicon de type p).<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column centered_text=\u00a0\u00bbtrue\u00a0\u00bb column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb5\/12″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb497″ alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb margin_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb15″][vc_column_text]\n

Quand les deux types de silicone sont mis en contact, une jonction pn se cr\u00e9e, un espace ou les charges libres (\u00e9lectrons et trous) se recombinent.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb content_placement=\u00a0\u00bbtop\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column centered_text=\u00a0\u00bbtrue\u00a0\u00bb column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb5\/12″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_col-lg-offset-1 vc_col-md-offset-1 vc_col-sm-offset-1″][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb498″ alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb margin_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb15″][vc_column_text]\n

La recombinaison des charges libres (\u00e9lectrons et trous) g\u00e9n\u00e8re une diff\u00e9rence de potentiel intrins\u00e8que (champ \u00e9lectrique) au voisinage de la jonction pn.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column centered_text=\u00a0\u00bbtrue\u00a0\u00bb column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb5\/12″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb499″ alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb margin_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb15″][vc_column_text]\n

Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9nergie des photons, les \u00e9lectrons sont lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et le champ \u00e9lectrique les entra\u00eene vers le silicone de type n.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb content_placement=\u00a0\u00bbtop\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column centered_text=\u00a0\u00bbtrue\u00a0\u00bb column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb5\/12″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_col-lg-offset-1 vc_col-md-offset-1 vc_col-sm-offset-1″][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb500″ alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb margin_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb15″][vc_column_text]\n

Pour retrouver leur \u00e9tat initial, le flux d\u2019\u00e9lectrons \u00e9nergis\u00e9s doit retourner \u00e0 l\u2019anode en passant par le c\u00e2blage \u00e9lectrique.<\/p>\n

Il en r\u00e9sulte un courant \u00e9lectrique continu qui est transform\u00e9 en alternatif dans l\u2019onduleur. Le courant alternatif peut alors \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour alimenter les appareils \u00e9lectriques (une ampoule dans notre illustration).<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column centered_text=\u00a0\u00bbtrue\u00a0\u00bb column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb5\/12″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb501″ alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb margin_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb15″][vc_column_text]\n

En l\u2019absence de lumi\u00e8re et donc d\u2019\u00e9nergie, les cellules solaires sont au repos.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb source=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text=\u00a0\u00bb2013 – 2017″ font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5″ use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Abril%20Fatface%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb link=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_id=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_class=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbDocuments & Liens\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5″ use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Information sur les panneaux photovolta\u00efques en PDF (463 Ko)<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb source=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text=\u00a0\u00bb2013 – 2017″ font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5″ use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Abril%20Fatface%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb link=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_id=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_class=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbAutres th\u00e8mes qui pourraient vous int\u00e9resser …\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5″ use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n