{"id":564,"date":"2019-05-15T12:13:49","date_gmt":"2019-05-15T10:13:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/?page_id=564"},"modified":"2020-11-06T10:46:55","modified_gmt":"2020-11-06T09:46:55","slug":"bbemg-effets-des-champs-sur-les-keratinocytes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/fr\/bbemg-effets-des-champs-sur-les-keratinocytes\/","title":{"rendered":"BBEMG: Effets des champs sur les k\u00e9ratinocytes"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][heading]\n<h1>BBEMG: Effets des champs sur les k\u00e9ratinocytes<\/h1>\n[\/heading][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Cette \u00e9tude a comme objectif d\u2019analyser les effets biologiques des champs \u00e9lectriques et magn\u00e9tiques de fr\u00e9quences extr\u00eamement basses.<\/p>\n<p>Des k\u00e9ratinocytes, cellules de la couche ext\u00e9rieure de la peau (l\u2019\u00e9piderme), sont plac\u00e9s sur un morceau de derme d\u00e9cellularis\u00e9 (le derme est la couche interne de la peau humaine). Deux \u00e9lectrodes en platine sont utilis\u00e9es pour appliquer le signal \u00e9lectrique. Nous comparons l\u2019activation des g\u00e8nes au niveau des cellules expos\u00e9es et expos\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re simul\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Ce mod\u00e8le simplifi\u00e9 et bien caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 permet d\u2019\u00e9tudier les effets biologiques d\u2019une stimulation \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n<p>Vous trouverez ici une pr\u00e9sentation de l\u2019\u00e9tude ainsi que les principaux r\u00e9sultats.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb source=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text=\u00a0\u00bb2013 &#8211; 2017&Prime; font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&Prime; use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Abril%20Fatface%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb link=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_id=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_class=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbPr\u00e9paration du derme\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&Prime; use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb content_placement=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb565&Prime; alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Le morceau de derme est retir\u00e9 d\u2019une personne en surpoids lors d\u2019une op\u00e9ration de chirurgie plastique (abdominoplastie).<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb566&Prime; alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb source=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text=\u00a0\u00bb2013 &#8211; 2017&Prime; font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&Prime; use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Abril%20Fatface%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb link=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_id=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_class=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbExposition au champ \u00e9lectrique\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&Prime; use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_col-lg-offset-1 vc_col-md-offset-1 vc_col-sm-offset-1&Prime;][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb567&Prime; alignment=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb margin_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb15&Prime;][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Le derme d\u00e9cellularis\u00e9 est plac\u00e9 dans une bo\u00eete de P\u00e9tri contenant un milieu nutritif (en rouge). Les deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s du derme sont en contact avec les \u00e9lectrodes.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_col-lg-offset-1 vc_col-md-offset-1 vc_col-sm-offset-1&Prime;][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb568&Prime; alignment=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Des \u00e9chantillons de k\u00e9ratinocyte (explants) sont pris sur le m\u00eame donneur et plac\u00e9s sur le derme. Ce mod\u00e8le reproduit la structure r\u00e9elle de la peau.<br \/>\nPeau = des couches de cellules dermiques et des couches de cellules \u00e9pidermiques<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Des paires d\u2019\u00e9chantillons du m\u00eame donneur sont pr\u00e9par\u00e9es pour l\u2019\u00e9tude. Les premiers sont expos\u00e9s quotidiennement \u00e0 un champ \u00e9lectrique alors que les autres sont utilis\u00e9s comme contr\u00f4le.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Contr\u00f4le<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb569&Prime; alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Expos\u00e9<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb570&Prime; alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Comparaison de la croissance de l\u2019\u00e9piderme entre les \u00e9chantillons contr\u00f4les<br \/>\net les \u00e9chantillons expos\u00e9s au champ \u00e9lectrique<br \/>\n(comparaison apr\u00e8s 14 jours en culture)<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb571&Prime; alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb margin_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb15&Prime;][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb572&Prime; alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb margin_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb15&Prime;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n<h4>Observation:<\/h4>\n<p>Ce qui se passe naturellement, c\u2019est un processus de cicatrisation (voir la zone blanche): les cellules se divisent et l\u2019\u00e9piderme cro\u00eet en bordure des \u00e9chantillons d\u2019\u00e9piderme.<\/p>\n<p>Toutefois:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>sous exposition simul\u00e9e: plus grande surface de cellules p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques, ce qui signifie que les cellules se divisent plus activement.<\/li>\n<li>sous exposition r\u00e9elle: plus grande \u00e9paisseur des cellules p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques (plus de couches\u2026)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ce qui est observ\u00e9 sous exposition, c\u2019est donc une augmentation de la diff\u00e9renciation cellulaire (*), au d\u00e9pend de la prolif\u00e9ration.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1557914571663{border-top-width: 1px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 10px !important;padding-right: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;border-left-color: #262626 !important;border-left-style: dashed !important;border-right-color: #262626 !important;border-right-style: dashed !important;border-top-color: #262626 !important;border-top-style: dashed !important;border-bottom-color: #262626 !important;border-bottom-style: dashed !important;}\u00a0\u00bb](*) Diff\u00e9renciation cellulaire: Il s\u2019agit du processus par lequel une cellule non sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e devient une cellule sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e. Dans cette exp\u00e9rience, cela signifie que les cellules deviennent plus rapidement des k\u00e9ratinocytes matures, c\u00e0d capables de jouer leur r\u00f4le protecteur de la peau.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Que se passe-t-il au niveau des cellules p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques (zone blanche)?<br \/>\nVoici une repr\u00e9sentation d\u2019une coupe au niveau de la zone blanche (vue au microscope).[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb573&Prime; alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb margin_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb20&Prime;][vc_column_text]Les illustrations montrent des cellules en division et d\u2019autres cellules. Etant donn\u00e9 l\u2019objectif de cette \u00e9tude, nous approfondissons ici ces derni\u00e8res. Que se passe-t-il au niveau des cellules qui ne sont pas en division.<\/p>\n<p>Imaginons un microscope tr\u00e8s puissant qui nous permettrait de visualiser finement ce qui se passe \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de ces cellules. Que verrions-nous?[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb574&Prime; alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb margin_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb15&Prime;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">ADN<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb575&Prime; alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb margin_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb15&Prime;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">ADN et ARN<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]<strong>Le noyau<\/strong> contient <strong>l\u2019ADN<\/strong>, une mol\u00e9cule qui stocke notre information g\u00e9n\u00e9tique. L\u2019ADN est organis\u00e9 en s\u00e9quences appel\u00e9es <strong>g\u00e8nes<\/strong>: notre ADN contient des milliers de g\u00e8nes. Il est sp\u00e9cifique \u00e0 chacun des individus.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u2019ADN<\/strong> est une sorte de <em>livre de recette<\/em>: il dit comment une cellule particuli\u00e8re doit travailler. Cependant, pour \u00eatre utile, l\u2019information des recettes doit passer dans le cytoplasme, la partie active de la cellule (en violet dans les illustrations ci-dessous). Comme l\u2019ADN ne peut sortir du noyau (<em>la librairie<\/em>), un autre acteur entre en jeu: <strong>l\u2019ARN<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u2019ARN<\/strong>, ici repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par <em>le train vert<\/em>, est la transcription d\u2019un g\u00e8ne particulier. Dans cet exemple, le g\u00e8ne est constitu\u00e9 d\u2019une succession de 6 bases sp\u00e9cifiques (\u00e9l\u00e9ments de l\u2019ARN, repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 ici par les wagons). L\u2019ARN voyage vers le cytoplasme (<em>la cuisine de la cellule<\/em>) pour \u00eatre traduit en <strong>prot\u00e9ines<\/strong>.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1557914733102{border-top-width: 1px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 10px !important;padding-right: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;border-left-color: #262626 !important;border-left-style: dashed !important;border-right-color: #262626 !important;border-right-style: dashed !important;border-top-color: #262626 !important;border-top-style: dashed !important;border-bottom-color: #262626 !important;border-bottom-style: dashed !important;}\u00a0\u00bb]\n<div class=\"info\">\n<p>Plus:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lorsqu\u2019une cellule est en division<\/strong>, l\u2019ADN est organis\u00e9 en longues structures appel\u00e9es chromosomes (voir la figure ci-dessous). Ces chromosomes sont dupliqu\u00e9s avant la division cellulaire, permettant ainsi aux deux cellules-filles de recevoir l\u2019enti\u00e8ret\u00e9 de l\u2019information g\u00e9n\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lorsqu\u2019une cellule est fonctionnelle, <\/strong>les g\u00e8nes sont transcrits en ARN dans le noyau. <strong>L\u2019ARN<\/strong> est une copie d\u2019un <strong>g\u00e8ne<\/strong> particulier qui va transf\u00e9rer l\u2019information g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du noyau au cytoplasme. Il sera alors transform\u00e9 en quelque chose capable de travailler \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur et \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur de la cellule, les <strong>prot\u00e9ines<\/strong>. Les prot\u00e9ines sont les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de base de la cellule et elles sont impliqu\u00e9es dans son fonctionnement.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019ADN et l\u2019ARN sont constitu\u00e9s d\u2019une succession de seulement 4 mol\u00e9cules, appel\u00e9es bases.\u00a0 C\u2019est l\u2019alphabet de notre livre de recette. Les diff\u00e9rentes combinaisons de ces 4 lettres sont suffisantes pour \u00e9crire l\u2019ensemble des recettes n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 notre fonctionnement.<\/p>\n<p>Les prot\u00e9ines sont constitu\u00e9es de 20 acides amin\u00e9s (AA). Les diff\u00e9rentes combinaisons des AA produisent diff\u00e9rents cuisiniers, sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans diff\u00e9rentes t\u00e2ches.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Que se passe-t-il dans les deux \u00e9chantillons de cellules dans cette \u00e9tude ? Les ARN, transcrits dans le noyau, vont dans le cytoplasme. Comme illustr\u00e9 ci-dessous, les quantit\u00e9s d\u2019ARN et leur origine (g\u00e8nes transcrits) sont diff\u00e9rents en situation d\u2019exposition r\u00e9elle et simul\u00e9e.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Contr\u00f4le<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb576&Prime; alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Expos\u00e9<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb577&Prime; alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Malheureusement, le microscope capable de faire la diff\u00e9rence entre les ARN n\u2019existe pas! Comment les scientifiques peuvent-ils les identifier, et par la m\u00eame occasion, identifier les g\u00e8nes activ\u00e9s\u00a0? C\u2019est l\u2019objectif du <strong>screening par microarray<\/strong>. Cette technique permet d\u2019analyser l\u2019activation des g\u00e8nes en quantifiant les ARN. A partir de cette analyse, il est possible de comprendre les m\u00e9canismes qui se passent au niveau cellulaire.<\/p>\n<p>Dans cette \u00e9tude, l&rsquo;objectif est d&rsquo;identifier les m\u00e9canismes cellulaires d\u00e9clench\u00e9s par les champs \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tiques en comparant l\u2019ARN dans les cellules expos\u00e9es et non expos\u00e9es.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb source=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text=\u00a0\u00bb2013 &#8211; 2017&Prime; font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&Prime; use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Abril%20Fatface%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb link=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_id=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_class=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbPurification de l&rsquo;ARN\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&Prime; use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]En premier lieu, il est n\u00e9cessaire de s\u00e9parer les ARN des autres constituants de la cellule comme les membranes, les organites \u2026 Cette \u00e9tape est appel\u00e9e purification de l\u2019ARN.<\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s destruction des membranes des cellules, l\u2019ARN est filtr\u00e9 et s\u00e9par\u00e9 des autres parties de la cellule.[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb578&Prime; alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb margin_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb20&Prime;][vc_column_text]Avant l\u2019\u00e9tape suivant, une mol\u00e9cule de marquage (par fluorescence) est fix\u00e9e sur l\u2019ARN. Comme nous le verrons ci-dessous, cette mol\u00e9cule permettra de visualiser la pr\u00e9sence et la quantit\u00e9 d\u2019ARN sur la puce (\u00ab gene chip \u00bb).<\/p>\n<p>A ce moment de l\u2019\u00e9tude, les chercheurs ont deux \u00e9chantillons d\u2019ARN, l\u2019un provenant des cellules expos\u00e9es, l\u2019autre des cellules contr\u00f4les. Tous deux seront analys\u00e9s s\u00e9par\u00e9ment de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer leur composition (*).[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1557914909826{border-top-width: 1px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 10px !important;padding-right: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;border-left-color: #262626 !important;border-left-style: dashed !important;border-right-color: #262626 !important;border-right-style: dashed !important;border-top-color: #262626 !important;border-top-style: dashed !important;border-bottom-color: #262626 !important;border-bottom-style: dashed !important;}\u00a0\u00bb](*) A noter qu\u2019avant de placer l\u2019ARN en contact avec la puce, celui-ci est transform\u00e9 en ADN (la forme reconnue par la puce). Dans la suite du texte, nous parlerons donc d\u2019ADN et non d\u2019ARN.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb source=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text=\u00a0\u00bb2013 &#8211; 2017&Prime; font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&Prime; use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Abril%20Fatface%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb link=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_id=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_class=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbFixation de l&rsquo;ADN sur la puce\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&Prime; use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Les deux \u00e9chantillons d\u2019ADN sont mis en contact avec deux puces ou \u00ab gene chip \u00bb diff\u00e9rentes.<\/p>\n<p>Une puce est un outil tr\u00e8s ing\u00e9nieux pour les biologistes: elle est compos\u00e9e de multiples copies d\u2019un morceau sp\u00e9cifique de g\u00e8nes bien identifi\u00e9s (par exemple 38 500 pour l\u2019esp\u00e8ce humaine). Ces copies sont organis\u00e9es sur la puce: les m\u00eames copies sont group\u00e9es dans la m\u00eame zone, comme des gares sp\u00e9cifiques attendant leurs trains.<\/p>\n<p>Que se passe-t-il au niveau de la puce quand les ADN sont plac\u00e9s en contact avec elle ? Chaque ADN reconna\u00eet sa zone et s&rsquo;y fixe.<\/p>\n<p>Voici une vue simplifi\u00e9e d\u2019une puce avec seulement 16 zones de fixation de l\u2019ADN permettant de mettre en \u00e9vidence 16 g\u00e8nes diff\u00e9rents. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, ce type de puce est compos\u00e9 de milliers de zones sur une surface de moins de 2 cm\u00b2.[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb579&Prime; alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb margin_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb20&Prime;][vc_column_text]Quand les ADN sont fermement fix\u00e9s \u00e0 leurs quais respectifs, la puce est analys\u00e9e par un scanner capable d\u2019identifier les diff\u00e9rentes zones et de distinguer de tr\u00e8s petites variations d\u2019intensit\u00e9 lumineuse:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Une zone plus intense est compos\u00e9e de plus d\u2019ADN, ce qui signifie que le g\u00e8ne correspondant et plus activ\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>A l\u2019inverse, si un g\u00e8ne est peu ou pas activ\u00e9, la zone ne sera pas fluorescente.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les deux puces sont compar\u00e9es afin d\u2019analyser les ARN transcrits sous expositions r\u00e9elle et simul\u00e9e.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb source=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text=\u00a0\u00bb2013 &#8211; 2017&Prime; font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&Prime; use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Abril%20Fatface%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb link=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_id=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_class=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbAnalyse g\u00e9nique\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&Prime; use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Apr\u00e8s analyse, les chercheurs obtiennent une liste des ADN pr\u00e9sents dans les deux \u00e9chantillons et, par cons\u00e9quent, les g\u00e8nes activ\u00e9s ou non (g\u00e8nes up et down r\u00e9gul\u00e9s) dans les cellules expos\u00e9es et non expos\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Toutefois, rappelons-nous que la puce peut fournir des informations sur 38 500 g\u00e8nes! Les chercheurs doivent analyser les donn\u00e9es afin de classer les g\u00e8nes et de v\u00e9rifier les niveaux d\u2019activation dans les deux \u00e9chantillons. Le travail est \u00e9norme ![\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb source=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text=\u00a0\u00bb2013 &#8211; 2017&Prime; font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&Prime; use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Abril%20Fatface%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb link=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_id=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_class=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbPremiers r\u00e9sultats\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&Prime; use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]A ce jour, aucun effet pathologique n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9, seulement une acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration des m\u00e9canismes physiologiques normaux.<\/p>\n<p>La comparaison de la liste des g\u00e8nes up- et down- r\u00e9gul\u00e9s des deux \u00e9chantillons a permis de mettre en avant les 3 g\u00e8nes suivants, up-r\u00e9gul\u00e9s. Ils sont pr\u00e9sents au cours de l\u2019ensemble du processus exp\u00e9rimental:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>thioredoxine reductase 1 (TXNRD1),<\/li>\n<li>activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3),<\/li>\n<li>membrane metallo-endopeptidase (MME).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La comparaison des \u00e9chantillons expos\u00e9 et contr\u00f4le au 4<sup>e<\/sup> jour d\u2019exposition met \u00e9galement en avant un autre g\u00e8ne up-r\u00e9gul\u00e9, Dickkopf Homolog 1 (DKK1), et un autre down-r\u00e9gul\u00e9, \u00a0microtubule-actin cross-linking factor 1 (MACF1).<\/p>\n<p>Concernant la formation des os, les chercheurs ont \u00e9galement identifi\u00e9 une prot\u00e9ine sp\u00e9cifique, BMP2, qui est up-r\u00e9gul\u00e9e au 12<sup>e<\/sup> jour d\u2019exposition. Cette up-r\u00e9gulation de BMP2 permet d\u2019expliquer les effets biologiques observ\u00e9s dans toutes nos pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes \u00e9tudes sur les cellules, les tissus embryonnaires et les tissus osseux en croissance et en pratique clinique.<\/p>\n<p>Les fonctions biologiques de ces g\u00e8nes confirment les observations macroscopiques: une acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration de la diff\u00e9renciation au d\u00e9pend de la prolif\u00e9ration.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb source=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text=\u00a0\u00bb2013 &#8211; 2017&Prime; font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&Prime; use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Abril%20Fatface%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb link=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_id=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_class=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbR\u00e9f\u00e9rences\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&Prime; use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Collard J.-F., Hinsenkamp M.<br \/>\nCellular processes involved in human epidermal cells exposed to extremely low frequency electric fields.<br \/>\nCell Signal. 27(5):889-98, 2015.<\/p>\n<p>Collard J.-F., Lazar C., Now\u00e9 A., Hinsenkamp M.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2012.12.004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Statistical validation of the acceleration of the differentiation at the expense of the proliferation in human epidermal cells exposed to extremely low frequency electric fields<\/a>.<br \/>\nProg Biophys Mol Biol. 111(1):37-45, 2013.<\/p>\n<p>Collard, J.-F., Mertens, B. &amp; Hinsenkamp, M.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20809503\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">In vitro study of the effects of ELF electric fields on gene expression in human epidermal cells.<br \/>\n<\/a>Bioelectromagnetics, 32:28-36, 2011.<\/p>\n<p>Hinsenkamp M<br \/>\nEffets des champs \u00e9lectriques et \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tiques sur la diff\u00e9renciation cellulaire et leur int\u00e9r\u00eat en chirurgie orthop\u00e9dique et traumatologique.<br \/>\nBulletin et m\u00e9moires de l&rsquo;Acad\u00e9mie royale de m\u00e9decine de Belgique, 166(7-8-9): 307-16, 2011.<\/p>\n<p>Hinsenkamp M., Jercinovic A., Heenen M., De Graef Ch., Wilaert Ch.<br \/>\nEffects of alternating electrical current on keratinocytes in vitro (AC).<br \/>\nBioelectromagnetics, 18: 250-254, 1997.<\/p>\n<p>Jercinovic A., Hinsenkamp M., Wilaert F., De graef Ch., Heenen M., Goldschmidt D.<br \/>\nEffects of direct constant current on keratinocytes in vitro (DC).<br \/>\nBioelectroch. Bioener., 39(2): 209-214, 1996.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb source=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text=\u00a0\u00bb2013 &#8211; 2017&Prime; font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&Prime; use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Abril%20Fatface%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb link=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_id=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_class=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbDocuments &amp; Liens\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&Prime; use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/files\/FR\/Effets-CEM-sur-les-keratinocytes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Information sur les effets des champs sur les k\u00e9ratinocytes en PDF (724 Ko)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/cem-et-differenciation-cellulaire\/?lang=fr\">Recherche BBEMG: CEM et diff\u00e9renciation cellulaire<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb source=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text=\u00a0\u00bb2013 &#8211; 2017&Prime; font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&Prime; use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb google_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbfont_family:Abril%20Fatface%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal\u00a0\u00bb css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb link=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_id=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb el_class=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbAutres th\u00e8mes qui pourraient vous int\u00e9resser &#8230;\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&Prime; use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/bbemg-effets-des-champs-sur-les-os\/?lang=fr\">Effets des champs sur les os<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/utilisation-des-proprietes-electromagnetiques\/?lang=fr\">Utilisation des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tiques<\/a> &#8211; Comment fonctionnent nos appareils \u00e9lectriques? A partir des exemples d\u00e9crits, nous aurons un aper\u00e7u g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du fonctionnement d\u2019appareils qui transforment l\u2019\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique en \u00e9nergie thermique et\/ou m\u00e9canique ou qui utilisent les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de l&rsquo;\u00e9lectrostatique et de l&rsquo;\u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tisme.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/trajet-de-lelectricite\/?lang=fr\">Trajet de l&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9<\/a> &#8211; Comment fonctionne le r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique? Les caract\u00e9ristiques des r\u00e9seaux de transport et de distribution et les principaux \u00e9l\u00e9ments d&rsquo;un circuit \u00e9lectrique domestique, dont le c\u00e2blage monophas\u00e9 et les m\u00e9thodes de protection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][heading] BBEMG: Effets des champs sur les k\u00e9ratinocytes&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-sidebar.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-564","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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