{"id":3231,"date":"2019-07-04T15:16:26","date_gmt":"2019-07-04T13:16:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/een-studie-volstaat-niet\/"},"modified":"2026-02-10T15:37:37","modified_gmt":"2026-02-10T14:37:37","slug":"een-studie-volstaat-niet","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/nl\/een-studie-volstaat-niet\/","title":{"rendered":"E\u00e9n studie volstaat niet"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][heading]\n<h1>E\u00e9n studie volstaat niet<\/h1>\n[\/heading][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; source=&#8221;&#8221; text=&#8221;2013 &#8211; 2017&#8243; font_container=&#8221;tag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; google_fonts=&#8221;font_family:Abril%20Fatface%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; link=&#8221;&#8221; el_id=&#8221;&#8221; el_class=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Waarom \u00e9\u00e9n enkel onderzoek geen uitsluitsel kan geven over het al dan niet schadelijk zijn van elektrische en magnetische velden?&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_column_text]Om te bepalen of de blootstelling aan velden schadelijk is voor de gezondheid gebruiken onderzoekers verschillende onderzoeksmethoden:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Epidemiologische onderzoeken<\/li>\n<li>Gecontroleerde klinische studies bij de mens<\/li>\n<li>In-vivostudies (op dieren)<\/li>\n<li>In-vitrostudies (op cellen en weefsel)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Elke onderzoeksmethode is een schakel in een ketting. Alle methoden hebben hun voor- en nadelen (figuur 1).[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Figuur 1 &#8211; Voordelen (groene achtergrond) en nadelen (rode achtergrond)<br \/>\nvan de verschillende onderzoeksmethoden<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_text_separator title=&#8221;Epidemiologische onderzoeken&#8221; el_width=&#8221;60&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;top&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-2-percent&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#9cba5a&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; font_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Gericht op mensen<br \/>\nBlootstelling in een re\u00eble situatie<br \/>\nOnderzoek naar acute en chronische blootstelling<br \/>\nConclusies op vlak van sterfte- en ziektecijfers<br \/>\nOnderzoeken bij mogelijk hypersensitieve personen<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-2-percent&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#bb524e&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; font_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column_text]Oorzakelijk verband?<br \/>\nRekening gehouden met alle verstorende factoren?<br \/>\nNauwkeurige evaluatie van re\u00eble blootstelling van proefpersonen?<br \/>\nZeer dure en tijdrovende onderzoeken (in het bijzonder cohortstudies)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_text_separator title=&#8221;Klinische onderzoeken bij de mens&#8221; el_width=&#8221;60&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;top&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-2-percent&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#9cba5a&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; font_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Verklaring van waargenomen gegevens van ziekte-en sterftecijfers<br \/>\nBegrijpen van de pathofysiologische actiemechanismen<br \/>\nIdentificatie van mogelijk beschermende maatregelen<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-2-percent&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#bb524e&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; font_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column_text]Ethische beperkingen<br \/>\nOnderzoeken naar effecten verbonden aan acute blootstelling<br \/>\nBeperkt aantal proefpersonen<br \/>\nZeer dure onderzoeken waarvoor specifieke infrastructuur nodig is[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_text_separator title=&#8221;Onderzoeken op dieren (in vivo)&#8221; el_width=&#8221;60&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;top&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-2-percent&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#9cba5a&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; font_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Onderzoek mogelijk bij veel dieren<br \/>\nRelatief goedkope onderzoeken<br \/>\nGebruik van eerder invasieve procedures<br \/>\nOnderzoek naar chronische blootstelling<br \/>\nGebruik van specifieke modellen (bijv. genetisch gemodificeerd &#8230;)<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-2-percent&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#bb524e&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; font_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column_text]Extrapolatie van de resultaten naar de mens?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dier &gt;&lt; mens<\/li>\n<li>Specifieke experimentele condities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_text_separator title=&#8221;Onderzoek op weefsel en cellen (in vitro)&#8221; el_width=&#8221;60&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;top&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-2-percent&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#9cba5a&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; font_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Begrip van wat er gebeurt op cellulair niveau<br \/>\nSnelheid<br \/>\nNegatief resultaat in vitro = negatief resultaat in vivo<br \/>\nRelatief goedkope onderzoeken<br \/>\nGebruik van specifieke cellijnen<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-2-percent&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#bb524e&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; font_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column_text]Cellen behandeld buiten hun normale omgeving<br \/>\nMoeilijk om correcte blootstelling in vivo te simuleren[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column_text]Epidemiologische onderzoeken zijn a priori interessanter voor de menselijke gezondheid omdat ze rekening houden met een persoon in zijn\/haar omgeving. Het aantonen van een verband tussen een omgevingsfactor en een ziekte is echter een delicate oefening, daar een factor bij de ene persoon een probleem kan veroorzaken maar dat bij een ander dan weer niet doet. Bovendien is het moeilijk om \u00e9\u00e9n specifieke factor te isoleren onder het veelvoud van factoren die onze leefomgeving (chemische, fysische &#8230; factoren) en onze individuele kenmerken (socio-economische, genetische &#8230; factoren) bepalen.<\/p>\n<p>Epidemiologische onderzoeken vereisen daarom dat er een groot aantal mensen worden onderzocht. De onderzoekers krijgen zo een globaal beeld van het verband tussen de bestudeerde factor en een ziekte. Ondanks hun belang voor de volksgezondheid, moet men begrijpen dat de epidemiologie <strong>correlaties kan vinden maar zelden oorzakelijke verbanden aantoont<\/strong>. Indien men een verband ontdekt tussen een factor en een ziekte, betekent dit nog niet dat dit agens de ziekte veroorzaakt. Om te spreken van een oorzakelijk verband moet men namelijk meerdere criteria nagaan (cf. de informatiepagina over <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/epidemiologie\/?lang=nl\">epidemiologische onderzoeken<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Andere onderzoeksmethoden zijn dus nodig om de pathofysiologische mechanismen beter te begrijpen en de geloofwaardigheid van het epidemiologisch onderzoek te verbeteren.<\/p>\n<p>Goed uitgevoerde in-vitrostudies kunnen meer inzicht geven in de werkingsmechanismen op cellulair of moleculair niveau die de pathofysiologische effecten kunnen verklaren. Maar opgelet: de resultaten bij in-vitrostudies betekenen niet noodzakelijk dat een effect ook in vivo zal worden waargenomen.<\/p>\n<p>Ook al zijn in-vitrostudies <strong>gevoeliger<\/strong> (weinig of geen valse negatieven &#8211; onterechte negatieve resultaten), vertonen ze slechts een <strong>zwakke specificiteit<\/strong> (veel valse positieven &#8211; onterechte positieve resultaten). Dit betekent dat een negatief resultaat wellicht in realiteit negatief is, maar dat een positief resultaat moet worden bevestigd door andere onderzoeken, in vitro of in vivo.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1557936202445{border-top-width: 1px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 10px !important;padding-right: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;border-left-color: #262626 !important;border-left-style: dashed !important;border-right-color: #262626 !important;border-right-style: dashed !important;border-top-color: #262626 !important;border-top-style: dashed !important;border-bottom-color: #262626 !important;border-bottom-style: dashed !important;}&#8221;]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">De resultaten verkregen via \u00e9\u00e9n onderzoeksmethode moeten worden bevestigd<br \/>\ndoor andere onderzoeksmethoden.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Uit Figuur 1 blijkt duidelijk dat er geen perfecte of onfeilbare methode bestaat. Elke methode vraagt om een uiterst strikt onderzoeksprotocol. Ondanks hun inspanningen kunnen onderzoekers moeilijk rekening houden met alle parameters tegelijk.<\/p>\n<p>Neem het voorbeeld van de epidemiologische onderzoeken: men moet niet alleen een voldoende grote groep personen onderzoeken, wat niet altijd mogelijk is voor een onderzoek naar &#8220;zeldzame&#8221; ziekten, maar ook verstorende factoren in acht nemen, het onderzoeksprotocol aanpassen &#8230; Voor meer informatie raadpleeg <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/epidemiologie\/?lang=nl\">systematische fouten van epidemiologisch onderzoek<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In een labo kan men de parameters waaraan cellen of dieren onderworpen zijn goed controleren en kan men werken met dierlijke of cellulaire modellen die aansluiten bij het onderwerp van het onderzoek. Meer informatie is beschikbaar op de volgende pagina&#8217;s:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/in-vivo-studies-op-dieren\/?lang=nl\">In-vivostudies<\/a> &amp; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/in-vitro-studies-op-cellen\/?lang=nl\">in-vitrostudies<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Gezien de moeilijkheid om de ideale experimentele omstandigheden te cre\u00ebren en de onmogelijkheid om alle parameters perfect te controleren, betekenen de resultaten van \u00e9\u00e9n enkel onderzoek op zich niets.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1557936258258{border-top-width: 1px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 10px !important;padding-right: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;border-left-color: #262626 !important;border-left-style: dashed !important;border-right-color: #262626 !important;border-right-style: dashed !important;border-top-color: #262626 !important;border-top-style: dashed !important;border-bottom-color: #262626 !important;border-bottom-style: dashed !important;}&#8221;]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">De resultaten van \u00e9\u00e9n enkel onderzoek volstaan niet om een theorie te bevestigen. De studie moet gerepliceerd worden en de resultaten moeten worden vergeleken met die van andere laboratoria.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1557936269442{border-top-width: 1px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 10px !important;padding-right: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;border-left-color: #262626 !important;border-left-style: dashed !important;border-right-color: #262626 !important;border-right-style: dashed !important;border-top-color: #262626 !important;border-top-style: dashed !important;border-bottom-color: #262626 !important;border-bottom-style: dashed !important;}&#8221;]\n<div class=\"info\">\n<p><strong>Samengevat\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>De resultaten van een enkel onderzoek volstaan niet om conclusies te trekken. Ze zijn enkel voer voor hypothesen, die bevestigd moeten worden door replicatie van dit onderzoek en andere onderzoeken.<\/p>\n<p>De wetenschappelijke validatie van resultaten verloopt via een grondige evaluatie van alle correct uitgevoerde onderzoeken. Veelgehoorde beweringen die bevestigen dat velden gevaarlijk zijn op basis van onderzoeksresultaten van \u00e9\u00e9n studie zijn dus niet correct.<\/p>\n<p>De onderzoekers moeten op hun beurt alles in het werk stellen om goed gecontroleerde studies te publiceren. Pas dan zal het mogelijk zijn om een antwoord te geven op de vraag of elektrische en magnetische velden al dan niet gevaarlijk zijn voor de gezondheid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; source=&#8221;&#8221; text=&#8221;2013 &#8211; 2017&#8243; font_container=&#8221;tag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; google_fonts=&#8221;font_family:Abril%20Fatface%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; link=&#8221;&#8221; el_id=&#8221;&#8221; el_class=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Documenten &amp; Links&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/files\/NL\/one-single-study-nl.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Informatie over &#8220;E\u00e9n studie volstaat niet!&#8221; in PDF-formaat (235 Ko)<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Voordelen en beperkingen van onderzoeksmethoden:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/epidemiologie\/?lang=nl\">Epidemiologie<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/studies-bij-de-mens\/?lang=nl\">Studies bij de mens<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/in-vivo-studies-op-dieren\/?lang=nl\">in vivo studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/in-vitro-studies-op-cellen\/?lang=nl\">in vitro studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/modellering\/?lang=nl\">Modellering<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; source=&#8221;&#8221; text=&#8221;2013 &#8211; 2017&#8243; font_container=&#8221;tag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; google_fonts=&#8221;font_family:Abril%20Fatface%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; link=&#8221;&#8221; el_id=&#8221;&#8221; el_class=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Andere informatie dat u wellicht interessant zult vinden &#8230;&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h2|text_align:left|color:%2349b0e5&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/nl\/project\/\">Overzicht van het BBEMG project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbemg.uliege.be\/literatuuroverzicht-van-elf-magnetische-en-elektrische-velden\/?lang=nl\">Literatuuroverzicht<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][heading] E\u00e9n studie volstaat niet [\/heading][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-sidebar.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3231","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>E\u00e9n studie volstaat niet - BBEMG - Belgian BioElectroMagnetics Group<\/title>\n<meta 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